Klebsiella pneumoniae produtoras de carbapenemase (KPC) e aimportância de seu estudo

Abstract

The Enterobacteriaceae family comprises the majority of all clinical bacterial hospital samples. The appearance of carbapenemases is a major threat, which impairs the treatment of bacterial infections, due to its ability to hydrolyze most b-lactams, especially of the carbapenems. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a producer of the enzyme carbapenemase KPC, is a serious clinical and epidemiological health problem in Brazilian health institutions due to the high degree of nosocomial infection and itshigh antimicrobial resistance. The objective of the study was to deepen the knowledge about the infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemase and its impact on the prognosis of the patient. The methodology used was a literature review, where the research was conducted in the databases Scielo, Pubmed and Google Academic, in the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages and studies in the period from 2011 to 2017, using the following descriptors: Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacterial resistance, carbapenemase, and carbapenems. The studies presented, according to the evidence, the evolution of Klebsiella pneumoniae, relating the concepts of the bacterium producing enzyme carbapenemase, as well as its prominence as a bacterium of great medical interest, due to its high degree of antimicrobial resistance and its great relevance in the context of Health Care-related Infections (IRAS). The understanding of the KPC infection mechanism, its diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures are of paramount importance for a good performance of the professionals in the hospital environment in order to minimize the infections by this bacterium, reducing the morbidity index and mortality.