Marx e o “pesadelo sufocante”: a crítica à politicidade nos trabalhos para a Internacional [1864-1872]

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the enduring nature of the communist critique of "the political" (politicidade) whitin the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), focusing on the contributions of Marx, Engels, and their interlocutors. Employing the method of immanent analysis, the research investigates Marx's contribuitions to the International. It demonstrates that Marx's effort to build a common theoretical program aimed to prevent the organization's degeneration into nationalist or sectarian tendencies, while establishing a cohesive fundation against the despotism of capital. In this sense, his critiques of the political abstentionism of proudhonian mutulists, the anarchist messianism, and the reformism of English trade union leaders are highlighted. The critique of politics in Marxian thought si evidenced in three crucial moments of the First International: its founding phase (1864-1899); the expansion phase driven by strike movements (1866-1869); and the revolutionary horizon emerged from the Paris Commune. It concludes that the Marxian critique of 'the political' (politicidade) contributes to the demystification of an ahistorical conception of politics, situating its supersession in the practical activity directed toward human emancipation. Thus, Marx's works for the International represent a theoretical-practical regeneration of the revolutionary horizon of the proletariat.