Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas associadas ao diagnóstico e tratamento do linfoma canino

Abstract

Canine lymphoma represents 5 to 10% of all neoplasms that affect dogs. It presents various classifications, and the classification according to location is the most widely used in veterinary medicine. Diagnosis should be performed with the use of fine needle aspiration or biopsy of affected lymph nodes associated with additional tests to perform complementary exams for staging the patient. Staging is essential for defining prognosis and treatment choice. Lymphoma can cause various hematological and biochemical changes, especially those related to paraneoplastic syndromes such as anemia, hypercalcemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Lymphoma is a chemo-sensitive neoplasm and in most cases chemotherapy with a combination of several anticancer drugs is the most suitable. However side effects can occur as a result of treatment. Haematological toxicity with myelosuppression is the most worrying side effect. The lowest values of blood components occur at the nadir of each drug. Bone marrow recovery occurs in about 21 days. It is important to be cautious during chemotherapy. Performance of blood tests is a form of control and follow-up of myelosuppression caused by chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study is to perform a literature review with emphasis on the hematological and biochemical changes associated with canine lymphoma and due to chemoterapy treatment of this disease.