Impactos para a operação do sistema elétrico após a inserção massiva de micro e minigeração distribuída

Abstract

The power generation through photovoltaic micro and mini-generation plants has shown exponential growth in recent years. The integration of these sources in the electrical system produces significant impacts as a function of the power density and, especially, as a function of the injection versus load ratio. In addition to the approach in terms of the effects of this mass penetration, this study aims to address the adversities for the operation and control of the medium and high voltage distribution network. In order to qualify the study, a bibliographical research was carried out on the growth of distributed generation in Brazil and the regional arrangement at which the plants are being built. The research was also based on the analysis of electrical systems in other countries with a greater volume of photovoltaic plant connections and the consequences already experienced to form pillars of knowledge and expectations regarding future obstacles to be addressed in the Brazilian system. The work brings three case studies to make tangible the problems already registered by the integration of renewable sources and the challenges to be overcome from the technological point of view, from the grid planning point of view and the electrical studies necessary to guarantee reliability and safety on the operation.