Incontinência urinária e seu manejo em pacientes hospitalizados: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a condition that significantly affects the quality of life of millions of individuals, particularly during hospitalization, when the risk of its occurrence may increase due to factors such as immobility, cognitive impairment, and inappropriate use of assistive technologies. This study aimed to identify evidence in the literature regarding nursing care practices implemented for the management of urinary incontinence in hospitalized adult patients. An integrative review methodology was adopted. The databases LILACS, MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE were searched using descriptors such as "Urinary Incontinence," "Nursing Care," and "Hospitalization." Articles published between 2015 and 2024, available in full text in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, and addressing the topic, were included. After a rigorous selection process involving title and abstract screening followed by full-text reading, eight studies comprised the final sample. The findings indicate that the use of diapers and absorbent products remains the most frequently employed management strategy, often applied routinely without clearly defined clinical criteria. Conservative approaches, such as educational interventions, were less common but demonstrated evidence of effectiveness. The need for nursing staff training and the strengthening of health education were highlighted as essential components for more effective and humanized care. It is concluded that UI management remains a challenge in hospital settings and requires systematic, evidence-based interventions.