Modelos de intervenções precoces utilizados no Brasil para prematuros: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, approximately 11.8% of births in 2022 were premature, and these infants are at greater risk of motor, cognitive, and sensory delays. Early interventions aim to minimize these deficits and promote overall development; however, standardized protocols adapted to the Brazilian context are still lacking. Objective: To identify early intervention protocols for premature infants in Brazil. Methodology: This is a scoping review conducted according to the PRISMA-SCR and the York Framework. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and BVS databases, with no time restriction. Two reviewers independently and blindly selected the studies using the Rayyan software. Longitudinal studies conducted in Brazil involving preterm infants up to two years of age were included. Extracted data included study design, population, type of intervention, instruments used, and main outcomes. Results: A total of 290 studies were identified, and after applying the eligibility criteria, six were included. The main interventions found were the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), Tummy Time (TT), home-based motor and visual early intervention programs, and the Educational Developmental Intervention (EDI). The most commonly used assessment tools were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, and Test of Infant Motor Performance. Overall, improvements were observed in motor and cognitive development, especially when caregivers actively participated and a family-centered approach was adopted. Most studies were conducted in the South and Southeast regions, with small samples and varied methodologies. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that early interventions based on family-centered and ecological models are effective for the global development of premature infants. However, there remains a need for national protocols, continuous professional training, and multicenter studies that represent the diverse sociocultural realities of the country.