A mobilização precoce do paciente crítico dentro dos centros de terapia intesiva: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: When a patient enters a intensive care unit in a serious condition, bed rest is necessary for several reasons. When extended, the patient begins to have deleterious factors that leads to future morbidity after hospital discharge. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a literature review of early mobilization in critically ill patients confined in bed for a long time and analyze what parameters should be considered in the evaluation before treatment, as well as benefits and barriers encountered in the early mobilization. Methods: The literature search was done on the PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro and SciELO by using the descriptors function, intensive care units, early mobilization, mobilization steps, critical care, critical illness, hospitalization, breathing exercise and muscle stretching exercises in addition to the studies suggested by experts, all in the period from 2000 to 2010. Results: Eight papers were selected for analysis. All hospitalized patients underwent an early mobilization program and only one had no improvement with the treatment plan. The main benefits were the increased functionality and strength of respiratory muscles and limbs. Only one article found adverse events during the application of the treatment protocol. Conclusion: The literature review shows that early mobilization has proved more effective in preventing morbidity and post-hospital treatment of critically ill patients. The studies also emphasize that before implementing any exercise, a full assessment of this patient is necessary and possible barriers encountered are not problems for the realization of a viable and safe procedure.