Arbovírus emergentes no Brasil e seu risco de transmissão por transfusãosanguínea: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Hemotherapy is the act of transfusing blood from one individual into another, used as a life-saving therapy. The possibility of dissemination of infectious diseases during blood transfusion and hemocomponents is already documented, but for the prevention, the donors are screened. However, there are currently no serological and/or molecular screenings for the main circulating arboviruses in Brazil. Blood banks follow donor selection criteria from endemic or non-endemic areas. Arboviruses are viruses transmitted by arthropods and their cycle is maintained in the wild through these vectors and vertebrates. The main arboviruses responsible for causing diseases in humans and are important in the Brazilian epidemiological scenario are Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Yellow Fever virus, Zika virus, Saint Louis Encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus and Oropouche virus. All these viruses are at risk of transmission by transfusion (ITT), mainly because they cause viremia and can cause asymptomatic disease. In this study, a review was made of the main circulating arboviruses in Brazil and the transmission of these viruses by blood transfusion. Despite the existence of few studies in this respect, ITT of Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Yellow Fever virus and Zika virus was evidenced. Therefore, it is important to adopt criteria for donor screening for arboviruses, especially in tropical countries, and to discuss the need to implement the use of new serological and molecular tests and pathogen inactivation technologies.