Estudo e projeto de um compensador para inserção de impedâncias ativas em sistemas elétricos de baixa tensão

Abstract

Voltage and current harmonic distortion are responsible for many problems in commercial and industrial electric power facilities, such as lifetime reduction of their components and improper protective device tripping. The solutions normally applied for harmonic suppression have, in general, high power rating and are devoted to buses with a huge group of loads. Even though there are alternatives that can be built inside the nonlinear loads by their manufacturers, the associated costs and the lack of a specific regulation are barriers to the application of this kind of resource. In this scenario, it is interesting the consolidation of an intermediate, low-cost technology. In this work, it is performed a studyand proposition of a design methodology for a compensator that inserts active impedances in low-voltage electric power systems. The active impedance technique consists in the synthesis of harmonic voltage components in quadrature with the respective harmonic currentcomponents measured at the point of compensator deployment. The study includes design criteria for the basic building blocks of the compensator and its control system, and the design of a prototype is presented based on a case study of a real commercial facility. As afinal point, the compensator effectiveness in harmonic flow deviation from undesired paths is demonstrated by means of computational simulation results of a simplified test setup