Análise de fatores mitigatórios para inundação na bacia do Ribeirão Arrudas em Belo Horizonte: estudo em áreas de risco

Abstract

This research investigates, in an integrated manner, the geomorphological, hydrological, environmental, and anthropogenic factors that influence the recurrence of floods in one of the most critical basins of the capital of Minas Gerais, historically marked by the occupation of floodplains, the rigid channelization of the stream, and the increasing impermeabilization of the soil. To improve the understanding of flood dynamics, susceptibility mapping was carried out using QGIS and the HAND Model, allowing the identification of areas of greater vulnerability. Based on the flood-risk mapping provided by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte (PBH), highly susceptible urban areas and areas located outside the risk zone were selected and sampled, enabling a detailed comparison of different land-use and land-cover patterns, degrees of permeability, and vegetation composition. Environmental analysis was complemented with spectral indices, NDVI and NDWI. The results demonstrate that arboreal vegetation plays an essential role in hydrological regulation, especially species belonging to the Arecaceae and Moraceae families, which exhibit high infiltration, evapotranspiration, and water-retention potential, contributing to reducing the intensity of flood events. It was also identified that pavement type and surface permeability directly influence hydrological behavior, reinforcing the need for the adoption of permeable and drainage-efficient pavements. The study highlights the urgency of incorporating Nature-Based Solutions into urban planning, such as riparian vegetation restoration, creation of linear parks, ecological corridors, and the enhancement of strategic green areas. It is concluded that the hydrological resilience of the basin depends on the integration of vegetation cover, surface permeability, and efficient stormwater management, associated with public policies and urban actions capable of reducing vulnerability.