Intervenções relacionadas à prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em terapia intensiva

Abstract

It is an integrative review aimed to identify the interventions related to prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The survey was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS AND IBESC; using as descriptors of the matter: pneumonia, artificial respiration, prevention and control and intensive care units, in the period from 2005 to 2011. We found 30 publications, of which 07 met the selection criteria of this study. The level of evidence of these articles included, two are Level III and five Level I, classified according to the proposed Stetler et al. (1998). The articles analyzed out as interventions for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia: the implementation of surveillance programs and educational changes the behavior of professionals, approximation theory of practice, use of humidifiers with moisture and heat exchangers, deployment clinical protocols that address the care and adoption of the "package" (head elevated, daily interruption of sedation, assessment of weaning from mechanical ventilation, prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and peptic ulcer). We emphasize that in all texts emphasize the importance of preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia due to the damage that it either back to the patient, family, and professional institution, however found a high level of agreement between authors on the importance of education and implementation of multidisciplinary clinical protocols as a measure of intervention in reducing rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia.