Queilite actínica e carcinoma de células escamosas de lábio: um estudo multicêntrico

Abstract

This study investigated the frequency of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in different geographic regions of Brazil, making a temporal analysis of the cases per decade. It also established the profile of the patients with this lesion and analyzed the clinical and histopathological aspects. In a retrospective analysis (1953-2018), biopsy files of 10 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology centers located in different states of Brazil: Pará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo and Goiás were analyzed. The sample profile, clinical and histopathological characteristics were descriptively and statistically evaluated by chi-square, ANOVA and t-Student tests using the SPSS program version 23.0. Histopathological data of AC and LSCC were examined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2017). Of 198,709 specimens of biopsies analyzed, 2,017 cases of AC and 850 cases of LSCC were surveyed, representing 1.0 and 0.4% of the oral lesions, respectively. Overall, male patients (nAC=1,439, 71.4%; nLSCC=673, 79.3%), white (nAC=1,640, 87.3%; nLSCC=726, 91.3%), in their seventh decade of life (nAC = 570, 29.8%, nLSCC = 222, 27.4%) with involvement of the lower lip (nAC = 1.990, 98.7%, nLSCC = 827, 97.3%) were the most affected. Individuals smokers and alcohol users had a higher invasion grade in cases of LSCC (p=0.004 and p=0.020) as well as individuals with previous history of AC (p=0.018). The AC and the LSCC in early stage are still very underreported lesions in Brazil and neglected by the affected population. Novel data on the sociodemographic and clinicopathological features of 2,017 cases of AC and 850 cases of LSCC have been added to the literature. This characterization in such a large country and with so many regional differences as Brazil strengthens evidence for clinicians, dermatologists, stomatologists and oncologists and for the development of public policies for the prevention of these lesions in the Brazilian population. Keywords: Cheilitis. Neoplasms. Carcinoma squamous cell. Solar radiation