Respostas morfofisiológicas durante a indução de embriogênese somática em embriões zigóticos e folhas imaturas de Butia capitata

Abstract

Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., known as coquinho-azedo, is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado and of great socioeconomic importance to the local population. Studies focused on the propagation of this species, such as somatic embryogenesis, are essential, as they contribute to germplasm conservation, genetic improvement, and the establishment of highly productive clonal orchards. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate preliminary aspects of somatic embryogenesis induction in injured zygotic embryos and immature leaves of B. capitata, as well as the effects of different culture media and growth regulators. Mechanical injuries to the zygotic embryos associated with the “Coquinho” culture medium, developed by the authors, favored the formation of calluses with embryogenic potential. Furthermore, treatments with 50 µM 2,4-D + 300 µM picloram and 300 µM picloram promoted greater formation of calluses with embryogenic characteristics. Analysis of the hormonal profile of plant tissues treated with these regulators revealed a higher concentration of auxins, confirming the relevance of 2,4-D and picloram in embryogenic induction. In immature leaves, the 300 µM 2,4-D treatment was superior for the formation of calluses with embryogenic potential. The results obtained are promising for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Butia capitata, a species of high socioeconomic value and great relevance for the conservation of the Cerrado biome.