Emissão de gases de efeito estufa em reservatórios hidrelétricos

Abstract

This paper aims to contribute to the state of the art related to greenhouse gas emissions which come from hydroelectric reservoirs. To this end a broad literature search was developed through the already published literature, identifying gaps and major theoretical or methodological barriers. Water reservoirs are used for different purposes, including generating electricity. The conversion of areas of land surface to create water bodies can cause the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as methane and carbon dioxide. Several aspects influence the rate of these emissions, such as vegetation that was flooded, wind speed, temperature, oxygen saturation and depth. Before this becomes evident the need to thoroughly understand the real influence of the dams related to global warming.There isnt a widely accepted methodology for estimating GHG emissions from existing reservoirs or planned. It is evident that to minimize the uncertainties about it becomes necessary to conduct monitoring studies for long periods of time, to characterize the behavior of the emissions curve, since the experimental measurements from an area of study can provide only a partial view on the subject, and also because reservoirs present their particularities. Advances in determination of the quantification of these gases are essential because it will provide a basis for policy decisions to be taken. It is also necessary to improve the provision of information and tools to support sound decisions about the current state of greenhouse gases related to tanks. With this required mitigation measures may be adopted.