Associação entre distúrbios do sono e hipomineralização de segundos molares decíduos (HSPM): um estudo preliminar

Abstract

During pregnancy, sleep deprivation can directly influence the health of the woman and the fetus, and, during this period, women are more susceptible to the development of sleep disorders. The process of odontogenesis begins in intrauterine life and disorders in this period tend to influence the dental mineral content, resulting in hypomineralization-type enamel defects. Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) is a defect associated with changes during the last gestational trimester to the first year of the child's life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the occurrence of sleep disorders (SD) in pregnant women and/or in the first year of their children's lives with the presence of HSPM in children aged 3 to 7 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out with pediatric dentistry patients treated at Faculties of Dentistry in Belo Horizonte. One researcher, previously calibrated for the detection of HSPM, clinically evaluated 106 children. The Brazilian versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Children's Sleep Disorder Scale (SDSC) were applied to investigate sleep disorders in pregnant mothers and children, respectively. A questionnaire was applied evaluating sleep, maternal report on possible sleep and awake bruxism (PSB/PAB) of the child, maternal health during pregnancy, and socioeconomic status. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were performed using Pearson's Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests, as well as multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05). The sample consisted of children of both sexes, 56.6% of which were female and their biological mothers. The average age of children was 5 years old. SD was observed in 60.4% of the children and 78.3% of the mothers. The prevalence of HSPM and PSB/PAB was 17% and 50.9%, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, there was no association between the SD of mothers (p=0.76) and children (p=0.55) with HSPM. On the other hand, infant age, PSB/PAB, and changes in maternal health during pregnancy were associated with HSPM. Adjusted logistic regression showed that children aged between 5 and 7 years were 5.39 times more likely to have the defect (95%CI=1.46–15.8), as were those children with PSB/PAB (Ratio of Odds [OR]=3.26; Confidence Interval [CI] 95%=1.01-10.5), and whose mothers had health changes during pregnancy (OR=4.92; 95%CI=1.39 -17.4). Therefore, there is a relationship between HSPM and significant variables such as child age, maternal health and possible bruxism, and, although the present study did not find associations between SD and HSPM, its results raise an important alert regarding the relationship between sleep and sleep. oral health.