Desenvolvimento e validação do Teste de Conhecimento Tático Declarativo para jovens atletas de basquetebol masculino

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test for young male basketball athletes (DTKT-Bb). The specific goals were organized in stages: 1: a) verify the evidences of content validity of offense scenes obtained from the officials matches of the modality. Used for the developed of the DTKT-Bb; 2: b) verify the evidences of the construct validity of the Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test for Basketball (DTKT-Bb); c) establish rules concerning to the level of declarative tactical knowledge of the young male basketball athletes, according to the age range and each federative unit (MG, SP, RJ); d) describe the level of the declarative tactical knowledge of the young male basketball athletes, according to the age range and the federative unit that each of them belong (MG, SP, RJ); e) verify the relationship between the intervening variables during the sport development (hours of training time, deliberate game, competitive level, number of matches and age range) and the declarative tactical knowledge of the young male basketball athletes; f) compare the level of the declarative tactical knowledge of the young male basketball athletes according to the hours of training time, deliberate games, and number of matches; g) verify the strategy of decision making used by the young male basketball athletes. In the collection of the evidences of the content validity, five expert basketball coaches with no less than 10 years of experience in all categories and completion levels contributed voluntarily to this research. They evaluated the quality of the image, the practical relevance and the representativity of each item from 86 offense scenes extracted from officials matches on the modality. For such a procedure, a Likert scale from 1 to 5 points was used. It was calculated a Content Validity Coefficient from these notes given by the coaches for every one of the scenes. From the original 86 scenes initially selected and edited, just 80 reach a Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) greater or equal to 0.80 on the following aspects: quality of the image, practical relevance, and item representativity of each item. Hereafter, the procedure of ecological validity ended with the selection of 53 scenes. The calculation of Concordance between Observers (CCO), for establishing a preliminary instrument, resulted in the selection of 43 scenes (9 of fast break offense, and 34 of positional offense). The preliminary version of the DTKT-Bb involved 26 scenes out of 43 validated. On stage 2, the sample incorporated 1.188 young athletes, from 10 to 19 years old, out of the categories from the data of 3 states: MG, RJ, and SP. The participants answered a demographic questionnaire and submitted the preliminary version of the DTKT-Bb. The univariate normality of the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the multivariate normality was verified by the Mardia Test. It was applied several of factorials confirmations analysis through the WLSMV estimator to check the evidence of construct validity. The adjustment measure of the tested models was calculated by the rates: CFI, TLI, and RMSEA. It was applied the Alfa de Cronbach rate to check the reliability of DTKT-Bb. It was adopted the Spearman test to check the correlation between the level of declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) and other variables such as time in hours of training, deliberate games, age rage, competitive level, and number of matches. By analysis of percentages (deciles and quartiles), were presented the rules concerned to the level (DTK) of the athletes. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the DTK level of the participants according to the hours of training time, deliberate game, and the number of matches. It was also described the DTK level by age range and federative unit. The descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to identify the predominance of decision-making strategy. In other words, if the athlete applied the deliberative or intuitive strategy. Finally, it was verified, as for the validity of the construct, the establishing of a model (DTK; pass, throw and infiltrate), with 17 scenes, each of them with the proper quality adjustments (CFI: 1,000; TLI: 1,001; RMSEA: 0,000). The variable DTK had a weak but positive correlation with other variables intervening on the athlete’s development (hours of training time, deliberate game, and the number of matches), except for the age range variable (positive and moderate correlation). The test presented reliable indexes above 0.70. As for the applicability, the results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there are several differentials between the groups, in the DTKT-Bb scores, defined on the percentage analysis, particularly about what is referred to the trained time in hours, deliberate game and the number of matches. The athletes preferred to adopt an intuitive strategy for better selecting the decision making on the DTKT-Bb. It was concluded that it is possible to develop and validate the DTKT-Bb, reminding that such an instrument presented proper psychometrical properties on what concern to the content and construct validity.