Proteção antioxidante do ácido ascórbico contra a genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina em zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

Antineoplastic drugs are not selective to act only on tumor cells, and also alter the functioning of healthy cells, which can cause genotoxic, mutagenic, cytotoxic changes and lead to cell death. The adverse effects observed in chemotherapy are consequences of the drugs' unwanted actions on normal cells. Cisplatin (CIS) is one of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy treatments, with excellent results, both in remission and in patient survival. The adverse effects caused by CIS are the consequences of lesions formed in DNA and increased oxidative stress. Antioxidants are molecules that maintain the cellular redox state, through the oxidation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can induce the activation of DNA damage repair mechanisms. Ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant obtained exclusively through the diet by some living beings, and is able to decrease the toxicity caused by CIS. We evaluated the response of adult zebrafish individuals treated with the combination of AA and CIS, through analysis of nuclear changes and red blood cell recycling. We showed a possible protective effect of AA combined with CIS after 96 h of treatment. These data will assist in possible developments in the screening of new drugs, therapies and therapeutic pre-evaluation in vivo.