Acessibilidade urbana em Belo Horizonte : o acesso aos equipamentos de lazer por transporte público coletivo por ônibus

Abstract

This study focuses on urban accessibility, assessed through the time dimension of travel using the public transportation system. The objective is to evaluate accessibility to public leisure facilities in Belo Horizonte by means of bus-based public transportation, measured by the average travel time. To this end, based on a descriptive analysis, the research adopts a predominantly quantitative approach, employing spatial modeling to estimate the travel time matrix. The degree of socioeconomic inequality in accessibility within the city was calculated by grouping the analysis around leisure facilities provided and maintained by the municipal government. According to the BHMap database, these facilities are classified into three categories: Cultural Facilities, Sports and Leisure Facilities, and Environmental Facilities, the latter represented by Municipal Parks. Using geoprocessing tools, two accessibility indicators were defined: Minimum Access Time (TMI) and Accumulated Average Time (TMA). The Palma Ratio was also used as a measure of inequality in access, comparing the bottom 40% and the top 10% of the population. The results indicate significant disparities among the different leisure facility groupings, with cultural spaces standing out as those with the highest levels of inequality. The city’s peripheral regions show the lowest levels of accessibility. The research demonstrates that access to leisure, mediated by public transportation, is shaped by temporal and structural constraints that reinforce patterns of urban exclusion.