Migrações venezuelanas e o papel do Amazonas na garantia do direito à saúde

Abstract

The continuity of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela, with the government of Nicolás Maduro, threatened the interests of the local and international elite, culminating in the confrontation of an economic war promoted against the country by the United States. Despite holding the largest oil reserve in the world, Venezuela is immersed in an economic and political crisis, leading the country to a situation of extreme poverty, with a lack of medicine, food and various goods and services essential for the population, generating a huge migratory flow of Venezuelans to other countries, in search of better living conditions and the realization of their fundamental rights. Most of these migrants have come to Brazil, settling mainly in the North of the country, which led this study to verify in what way (or not) the Brazilian State of Amazonas is guaranteeing the fundamental right to health for immigrants Venezuelans. Seeking to address the effectiveness of the right to health in the scenario of Venezuelan immigration to Amazonas and the situation of Venezuelan immigrants in the State, how public health services have mobilized to serve the less favored, such as people homeless, considering that many Venezuelans are among this population, and whether there is any public policy directly aimed at assisting Venezuelans in the face of the pandemic.To carry out this study, the deductive method was chosen. The first stage of the research consisted of a bibliographic review of books, articles, news, legislation and other official documents. In a second stage, a field study was carried out, through the collection of information at the State Department of Health of Amazonas and at the Municipal Department of Health of Manaus, regarding the health care provided to Venezuelans. This characteristic classifies this study as exploratory. It was possible to verify that what has been offered to these immigrants has only been possible and reasonably effective due to the support of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (through Operation Acolhida) and non-governmental organizations of a humanitarian nature, since since the government Temer, and aggravated during the Bolsonaro government, the country had been showing a series of setbacks in its international agenda regarding immigration and the reception of immigrants in the country, including generating an increase in xenophobia against Venezuelans. It was possible to detect the lack of efficiency in the realization of the human rights of Venezuelans in Manaus, including serious failures in the supply of food to the immigrant population in shelters, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, some guidelines were taken by the city of Manaus, such as the elaboration of information and health education booklets in Spanish and Warao, in order to solve communication problems with Venezuelan immigrants, to overcome the language barrier.