Processo eleitoral justo em Rawls: análise da relação entre liberdade, dinheiro e igualdade na disputa política

Abstract

Despite the background tension between the liberal and egalitarian aspiration of Rawlsian theory, this work addresses the themes that communicate between the two principles of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, the principle of equal basic liberties and the principle of difference, when dealing with the prohibition of financing private political campaign. The relevance of this reflection lies in searching an answer to the following problem: if the system known as property-owning democracy is implemented as a condition to achieve a well-ordered society from the theory of justice as fairness, by John Rawls, is necessary the restriction on campaign funding to ensure the fair value of political liberties, concept that is part of the first principle of justice? After knowing and discussing the concepts that will allow the analysis of the problem, one asks the extension of the fair value of political liberties in a context highlighted by the expressive reduction of wealth inequalities that blocks participation in the political process and limits the reach of the most extensive system of political liberties. Overcoming this concern leads to an understanding of the ex ante distributive concept in order to spot the importance of constitutional conditions and economic justice for the configuration of lasting and stable institutional arrangements capable of promoting the development of self-respect, a key concept for the evolution of the proposed debate.