Avaliação da dislipidemia infantil na população brasileira: estudo baseado em banco de dados de um laboratório de apoio de grande porte no estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Introduction: In the last decades, there has been a significant change in the way children eat and practice physical exercises. Such changes have contributed to an epidemic of childhood obesity, which brings with it a cascade of cardiological risk factors, including dyslipidemia. The assessment of childhood dyslipidemia is a vitally important tool for monitoring the risk of diseases that persist throughout life. Unfortunately, the literature lacks robust sample data on childhood dyslipidemia in the Brazilian population. Main objective: to describe the behavior of dyslipidemias and their laboratory classification derived from the results of lipid profile tests in Brazilian children. Method: cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on analysis of the Laboratory Information System database of a large laboratory in the state of Minas Gerais, from 2011 to 2021. The laboratory classification criteria of dyslipidemia according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: isolated hypertriglyceridemia; isolated hypercholesterolemia; mixed hypercholesterolemia and low HDL. As for age, two subgroups were stratified: children (2-9 years old) and adolescents (10 to 19 years old). The results were treated statistically and compared between age, sex and time. Results: Between 2011 and 2021, a total of 439,493 lipid profile results were obtained for children and adolescents. There was a progressive increase in test requests with advancing age, with the frequency being higher among females. The average lipid profile in children and adolescents was within normal limits for the majority of children and adolescents. In children (2-9 years), lipids tend to increase with advancing age. In adolescents (10-19 years) they reduces until approximately 14 years old, followed by an increase until 19 years old. Conclusions: There was a difference in the lipids values with advancing age. Isolated hypertriglyceridemia was the most common dyslipidemia in children aged 2-9 years, in both sexes. In the age group between 10-19 years old, the reduction in HDL-cholesterol was the most prevalent dyslipidemia, especially in males. Dyslipidemia occurred in 18,666 (4.2%) of the evaluated results and was higher in 2021 (5.4%) compared to 2011 (4.5%).