Instrumentos diversos de gestão socioambiental aplicáveis na proteção dos recursos hídricos

Abstract

This study highlights that the protection of water resources in Brazil is a crucial issue, considering the limited availability of fresh water on the planet and the vast reserve in the country. The research justifies the need to examine socio-environmental management tools for the protection of these resources, going beyond specific mechanisms, such as those provided for in the Water Act and the Forest Code. The general objective of the work was to analyze socio-environmental management tools and their perspectives for the protection of water resources, with the specific objective of identifying, describing, and understanding the various management tools that can be applied for the protection of these resources. The methodology used was a bibliographic research, combining a theoretical framework with legal norms and their interpretations by specialists in the area. In this research, articles, dissertations, theses, and databases from bodies such as ICMBio, IEF, INCRA, FUNAI, IPHAN, UNESCO, etc., were consulted to gather information. The research results show that there is a variety of socio-environmental management tools in the environmental and cultural areas that can be used to protect water resources. In the environmental area, the study identified Conservation Units of the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), Special Protection Areas (APEs), Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), Legal Reserve, and Environmental Easement. In the cultural area, the work highlighted the listing of cultural assets, cultural heritage inventory, and the demarcation of indigenous lands and quilombola territories. The study also addressed protection tools in the international sphere, such as Ramsar Sites, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Geoparks, and the Man and the Biosphere Program (MaB). The document concludes that the widespread dissemination and use of these tools by civil society and public managers can enhance the protection of water resources.