A influência do ambiente no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor da criança pré-termo

Abstract

The neuropsychomotor development of preterm children has a multifactorial nature. Thus, investigations into this process must consider both intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the child. The present study aimed to identify, in the literature, evidence that demonstrates the influence of the home environment on the neuropsychomotor development of premature children. The searches were carried out in the PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO and PEDro databases, from December 2021 to January 2022 and restricted to publications from the last ten years. A total of 12 primary studies were included involving premature children under 5 years of age who had some type of cognitive and motor development impairment. The methodological quality of the data included in this review was assessed using the criteria proposed by Downs and Black. In total, an average of 110.5 children were evaluated, with an average age between 3 and 60 months using standardized instruments to assess the home environment and child development, including HOME, AHEMD, Bayley scale, DCDQBrasil, MABC, Denver II, AIMS, PEDI, WISC, DAIS and KIDI. The studies reinforced the evidence that children born prematurely and/or with low birth weight are more prone to motor and cognitive alterations and showed that these children can have motor and cognitive acquisitions when experiencing a home environment rich in stimuli. Parents' awareness of the need for stimulation of children and family involvement in promoting opportunities for the acquisition of new skills is one of the most important factors in the context of child development and is independent of the socioeconomic level of families and the financial capacity to purchase resources for house. The lack of environmental stimuli, engagement and family participation can favor delays in psychomotor development.