Prevalência de lesão por pressão em um hospital de transição de cuidados do Município de Belo Horizonte-MG

Abstract

The pressure injury is a wound of difficult healing that causes pain and discomfort to the patient. A pressure injury is characterized by a localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device. Thus, pressure injury is a huge problem in hospital with patients of long terms, so it is necessary taken preventive actions to minimize these injuries. The mean objective of this study was to determine the pressure injury prevalence in one year at a Hospital of transition care. This is a retrospective cross-sectional research, and it was collected the date base from a hospital of transition care in Belo Horizonte. Furthermore, the study considered the date of 685 patients at this health institution that had been registered in medical records as Pressure Injury risk in the year of 2018. The data base were collected from medical records and charted by the Hospital Stomatherapy Center, and organized in a spreadsheet that was statically analyzed and presented using the chart format. The result shows that of the 685 patients analyzed, 99 developed pressure injury, with a prevalence of 14%, 52% of the patients were in the palliative care line. Also, patients with the highest occurrence of pressure injury were male (52%), with age between 75 to 84 years old (33%) and with brown skin (51%). The application of the Braden Scale in these patients had revealed that (76%) of the patients were at high or very high risk for developing pressure injury, and 77% of these lesions were stage 2 and also the majority (32%) in the sacral region. This work can assist in improving the LP prevention protocol. In summary, this study can help improving the Pressure Injury protocols. Nevertheless, it is the nursing responsibility to teaching the other team members in search for raise awareness.