Máscaras faciais e distanciamento social: uma análise intercorporeal da fala-em-interação em tempos de COVID-19

Abstract

Inserted in the praxeological-phenomenological field of in situ interaction, this study emerged as a means of evaluating whether in times of COVID-19 forms of embodyized and multimodal behavior, such as gestures, tone of voice, movement of eyebrows, direction of the gaze, as well as the way individuals position themselves in space, serve complementarily to compensate, in the linguistic and extralinguistic plane, the loss of communicative means due to the use of face masks and social distancing. To this do so, an interface is elaborated between studies on interbodyreality (MEYER; STREECK; JORDAN, 2017), prosody (BOLINGER, 1986; GUMPERZ, 1982; HALLIDAY, 2008; HIRST; DI CRISTO, 1998; LADD, 1996; SELTING, 1995), and the proxemic (HALL, 1986), with theoretical perspectives that best explain the structuring of speech-in-interaction, that is: The Interactional Linguistics (COUPER-KUHLEN; SELTING, 2018), Interactional Sociolinguistics (GUMPERZ 1964; 1971; 1972; 1977; 1982a; 1982b; 1986; 1989; 1991; 1991; GUMPERZ; HYMES 1972; 1986) and The Conversation Analysis (MARCUSCHI, 1998; 1989; 2003; 2008; SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974 [2003]; SACKS, 1992; SIDNELL, 2011; SIDNELL; STIVERS, 2013; SCHEGLOFF, 1996). The data used for this research involved the recording of eight interactions made in the mining cities of Conselheiro Lafaiete and Ouro Branco, namely: three recordings at a Family Health Center (PSF) located in the city of Conselheiro Lafaiete/MG, a recording in a small beauty salon located in the same city and four recordings made in a sanitary barrier mounted at the entrance of the city of Ouro Branco/MG. To comply with the methodological rigor of transcription and data preparation, we used the EXMARaLDA program (SCHMIDT; WÖRNER, 2009) and the GAT Transcription Conventions 2. To perform the acoustic analysis of the physical parameters of Fundamental Frequency (f0), intensity and duration of some lexical items we used the PRAAT tool (BOESRMA; WEENICK, 1992). The analyses revealed that the loss of visual access to facial expression caused using masks and social distancing is compensated by prosodic variations, using gestural dimensions (MCNEILL, 1992), and conversational gestures (KENDON, 2004; BAVELAS; GERWING; HEALING, 2014).