Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão em pacientes hospitalizados em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Pinto, D.C.G. Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão em pacientes hospitalizados em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa de literatura. 2009. (Especialização) – Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2009. This is a study integrative reviews from the scientific literature to mainy identify risk factors that can develop pressure ulcer in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units. The study was based on databases cataloged in the virtual health system. The sample was consisted in three (3) studies with their designs: 1 (one) in prospective cohort, 1 (one) of descriptive character and 1 (one) observational. The studies were published from January 1999 to January 2009, two (2) being in English and one (1) in Spanish, all indexed in the MEDLINE database. From the studies analysis we can observe that the humidity, the increase of body temperature, the inappropriate use of interface pressure, the extended time stayed in ICU, advanced age, use of vasoactive and inotropic drugs, low cardiac output, as well as factors related to fecal incontinence and smoking were the most significant factors related to the formation of a pressure ulcer. To know and identify the risk factors prevalent in critically ill patients is essential to provide a comprehensive and quality care to maintain the integrity of the skin and improve the nursing care provided.