Práticas educativas no preparo do paciente e de seu cuidador para o cuidado com estomas baseado em evidências: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

The elimination of intestinal stomas consists of exteriorization of the ileum or colon to the outside through the abdominal wall targeting the deviation of fecal contents are envisaged therapeutic approach on a large number of diseases.Many complications and stomal region peristoma relate to unprepared ostomy patient and caregiver in the home environment.This study aimed to identify programs related to the care guidelines for patients with intestinal stoma elimination,since it is difficult for them and their families to give continuity of care after discharge and also expected identify educational practices that contribute to effective self-care ostomy patient and caregiver after discharge. It was adopted as a theoritical practice evidence-based and as methodological integrative review. There were considered the follwing inclusion criteria: published articles period between 2003 and 2013 in Portuguese,English oe Spanish,whose methodology allowed to gather strong evidence that addressed the educational practice that contribute to self-care and ostomy patient caregiverafter discharge.Exclusion criteria was studied that addressed other type of stoma(non-intestinal) and qualitative research. Data were obtained from studies to complete a data collection instrument and supported the classification of levels of evidence and relevance of the studies. The sample consisted of two studies produced in different countries.Both were published in English and tried to analyze educational problems related to living and care for the stoma in an article in the understanding of information given by the nurse is directly related to age and parental education. It adds that the quality of care at the household level can be improved by increasing the number of training sessions and meetings with parents of the children stomized. The other shown that health education through computer techology is more effective than conventional techiniques. According to this study,the patient´s anxiety can be reduced by providing effective information.This information can also improve patient adherence to treatment in order to reduce the length of hospital stay and improve quality of life for the patient.