Percepção de suporte organizacional e síndrome de Burnout: um estudo em instituições públicas

Abstract

This work had, as a general objective, to describe the relations between the dimensions of Perceived Organizational Support and Burnout Syndrome in employees of public institutions. Such concepts have been deepened in the theoretical framework. In the empirical, descriptive-explanatory research with quantitative approach, employees from regional units of two State Secretaries in the city of Divinópolis (MG) were approached, totalizing a sample of 105 respondents. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics, with Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) being performed for each of the two constructs and, subsequently, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was carried out with a view to testing 15 hypotheses built from the consulted literature. In the Perceived Organizational Support construct, AFE rejected the Promotion, Ascension and Salaries dimension, as well as divided the Workload dimension in two, these being named through the semantic analysis of the items that made up these dimensions: “Workload – overload” and “Workload – work conditions and goals”. The dimensions Performance Management and Material Support for Performance were maintained. In the Burnout Syndrome construct, EFA confirmed the three theoretical dimensions. The Perceived Organizational Support (POS) level can be assessed as “inadequate to average”; among its dimensions, Material Support for Performance and Workload – working conditions and goals — presented with a medium level; Performance Management and Workload – overload — were the dimensions that were shown to be inadequate. As for the levels of burnout, Emotional Exhaustion was moderate and Cynicism and Work Effectiveness were low. SEM allowed the confirmation of six of the proposed hypotheses, confirming that the Perceived Organizational Support construct is an antecedent to the Burnout Syndrome, highlighting that three out of the validated dimensions have direct impacts on Emotional Exhaustion (Workload – work conditions and goals; Material Support for Performance and Workload – overload) and Work Effectiveness is directly affected by Performance Management. It was also observed that the Emotional Exhaustion dimension acts as a "gateway" to the Burnout Syndrome, given its direct impact on Cynicism and indirect on Work Effectiveness. Having been indicated the limitations of the study, an agenda for future investigations was proposed.