Paisagem e turismo: mapeamento e modelagem dos serviços ecossistêmicos culturais do distrito de Monte Verde, em Camanducaia/MG

Abstract

The mapping and modeling of subjective landscape dimensions and their immaterial benefits such as scenic beauty and cultural identity present numerous challenges. This work aims to contribute to the state of the art by presenting a spatially explicit modeling methodology developed to map the supply and demand of Cultural Ecosystem Services (SEC) in landscapes with a tourist vocation. The methodology is applied to the municipality of Camanducaia, with emphasis on the district of Monte Verde, a well-known romantic and winter tourist destination in the southern state of Minas Gerais (MG). The methodological procedure develops three steps that include i) the quantification of the structure and configuration of the landscape, ii) characterization of landscape user preferences through the application of a photo questionnaire iii) mapping and modeling the supply and demand for Ecosystem Services. This analysis aims to identify which Cultural Ecosystem Services are associated with the Monte Verde district (MG) land cover patterns. The results show that in the Monte Verde district the land uses are diversified and that the soil coverings preferred by landscape users are the rocky outcrops, primary and secondary forest of the Atlantic Forest biome. These land covers are associated with Cultural Ecosystem Services such as Scenic Beauty and Leisure. Likewise, they are also associated with the Ecosystem Services of Provision (particularly fresh water) and Regulation (particularly air and water quality) offered by the landscape of the municipality of Camanducaia. The spatially explicit modeling of Cultural Ecosystem Services reveals that the landscape multifunctionality of the Monte Verde district is expressed by the Ecosystem Services hotspots in the Primary Forest plots in the Serra da Mantiqueira, which undergoes different types of anthropogenic pressure. This paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on the mapping and modeling of Ecosystem Services and to provide information for decision making in the planning and management of Tourism and territorial planning in tourist landscapes.