Capital social entre mulheres ligadas à pesca artesanal na Bacia de Campos : análise dos dados censitários acerca da participação em organizações sociais .

Abstract

The dissertation presented here has as its main focus the analysis of data from the two stages of the census carried out by the environmental education project Pescarte among residents of traditional communities linked to artisanal fishing on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Reports and studies are presented on the condition of women in the sector's production chain, highlighting their invisibility and lack of recognition in relation to the work performed. These forms of segregation and resistance to greater appreciation of women at work are also reflected in the forms of association in social organizations present in the communities. The concept of social capital according to classic authors (Bourdieu, Coleman, Granovetter, Burt and Putnam) was presented, and the typology that Putnam developed on social capital, categorized into “bonding”, “bridging” and “linking” was used to contrast different social organizations. The hypothesis generally postulated is that women tend to be associated with voluntary, philanthropic and community organizations, spaces in which particular and more homogeneous topics are debated. Men, on the other hand, would still be more inclined to join institutions related to work, economics and politics, which would, according to Putnam, guarantee greater effectiveness in terms of their aspirations and results. However, it is expected that in the comparison between the two censuses this trend became smaller in the second stage. To find out what is proposed, in addition to frequencies measured on the participation of those surveyed, results of inferential statistical tests of chi-square and binary logistic regression models are presented to determine the odds ratio of the individual being associated according to their sex. To compare the results of the influence of this variable (gender), the variables education and age were also used. Probabilities were calculated depending on the education level and average age of the people surveyed to assess whether there was a difference between the two collection phases. It was found that women were more likely to join the Fishing Association and cooperatives linked to fishing sector in the second stage of research, which means progress in terms of strengthening and increasing social capital in the form of “giving” and “linking”. That aim at actions to value work and promote a sustainable economy in functions that benefit production in which the majority are women. The difference between men's probability of joining in relation to women also reduced. This change in behavior is believed to be capable of promoting greater visibility, recognition, improvements in infrastructure and other achievements historically denied to women in artisanal fishing.