Avallação da provtsão de serviços ecossistemicos [manuscrtto]: aplicação dos conceltos e levantamento da capacidade de estabiização do carbono por diferentes solos braslleiro

Abstract

Ecosystem Services (ES) constitute essential benefits derived from the functioning of natural ecosystems and, since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), have gained prominence in areas such as public policies, financial markets, and international agendas. However, conceptual and classificatory challenges still persist, limiting the practical application of the concept and the effectiveness of instruments such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES). In this context, soils stand out as a strategic element by providing multiple ES, particularly those related to carbon, given that soil organic carbon stocks are recognized as a key strategy for mitigating climate change. Recent studies demonstrate that soils such as Oxisols, Nitisols, and Ultisols exhibit greater carbon stabilization capacity (CECARB in portuguese), thereby constituting priority areas for PES investments aimed at climate change mitigation, whereas Entisols, Spodosols, and Planosols show lower CECARB and consequently are characterized as more vulnerable areas or potential sources of emissions. Thus, the integration of edaphic attributes into ES assessments, through taxonomic systems such as the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS in portuguese), combined with conceptual standardization proposed by international classifications such as CICES, is essential to reduce uncertainties, strengthen the soil–ecosystem relationship, and support public policies. Accordingly, the adoption of unified, evidence-based approaches can enhance clarity, objectivity, and transparency in the valuation of ES, thereby promoting greater effectiveness in the implementation of PES schemes and contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the context of global environmental change.