Determinantes da divisão de tarefas domésticas e de cuidado entre homens e mulheres em uniões heterossexuais e homoafetivas

Abstract

This paper is aimed at analyzing the division of unpaid domestic and care work in Brazil between men and women in heterosexual and same-sex couples, based on data from the 5th visit of PNAD Contínua, collected during 2016. In the first chapter, we examine how such individuals participate in the execution of specific tasks, depending on their gender and also their conjugality. In this way, we observed that heterosexual women are still primarily responsible for performing routine housework, while heterosexual men dedicate to those considered discretionary. Among gay men and lesbian women, such tasks are divided more equally. With regard to care provided to other residents, we find that, on the one hand, in heterosexual couples, its division is slightly less unequal. On the other hand, in gay and lesbian couples, such activities are little performed, as they have fewer children. Next, in chapter two, we investigate the determinants of men's and women's time allocation in performing household labor and caregiving. In addition to the covariates associated with the life-cycle hypothesis, the relative resources hypothesis, and the hypothesis derived from the gender perspective, previously tested in the national literature on this topic, we also included an indicator variable for same-sex couples in our ordinary least squares models. We found that, for men, their coefficient of determination was only 4%, of which half corresponded to the presence of children in the household. For women, their coefficient of determination was 8.3%, of which 3.38% corresponded to the joint variation of the covariates considered. Conjugality was only statistically significant for women, reducing 3.36 hours of their average unpaid shifts. Since the coefficients of determination of the model obtained for men and women were extremely low, in chapter 3, we used the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to analyze the gender gap in housework time, itself. Thus, we found that, for men, 19,99% of the difference between their average weekly housework time and that of women was explained by their distinct attributes, while 80,01% was attributable to unobserved factors. For women, such portions accounted for 7,11% and 92,89%, respectively.