Fatores de risco simultâneos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes escolares brasileiros

Abstract

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of simultaneity of risk factors in not transmissible chronic diseases, and their non-random aggregation, beyond factors associated to Brazilian school teenagers. Method: Eidemiologic, transversal, analytical study developed with data of the Scholar National Health Research (PeNSE 2015). The exposition variables were: social-demographic, psycho-social, with family context and supervision, parental behavior and from pairs. The reposed variable was number of risk factors for not transmissible chronic diseases. It was estimated the prevalence, the simultaneity and aggregation of risk factors: tobacco use, alcohol use, lack of physical activity, and low consuming of fruits and vegetables. Aggregation was verified when the reason between the observed and expected prevalence was over 1. In order to verify the determinants associated to occurrences of simultaneous risk factors, Poisson regression for counting data was used. The analysis was made with the software Stata 15.0. Results: The prevalence of two simultaneous risk factors was higher (56,1%; IC95%: 55,5-56,6). The combination of most prevalent risk factors was ―Low consume of fruits and vegetables + lack of physical activity‖ (66%; IC95%: 65,8-66,9). There has been aggregation of risk factors, being the higher reason between the observed and expected prevalence was to ―tobacco + alcohol (79,0; IC95%: 73,8-84,2). The final sample for regression has shown that psycho-social aspects, lower family supervision and parental behavior and risk pairs were associated to the increase or the expected number of risk factors. Conclusion: The findings show elevated prevalence of simultaneous risk factors, with their aggregation on teenagers. The adolescents with less parental supervision, smoker parents, and friends who drink alcohol show increase in the expected number of risk factors. Interventions focusing on the determinants can help reduce aggregation to risk factors and prevent chronic outcomes in adulthood.