Análise da condição sistêmica, medicamentosa, laboratorial e endodôntica em pacientes de transplante renal: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo

Abstract

The main cause for the need for endodontic treatment is dental caries. Certain systemic factors inherent to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may promote the onset of this condition in the oral cavity. In this context, we propose this study to investigate the frequency of the need for endodontic treatment, the epidemiological profile, and the systemic condition of patients in the pre- and post-kidney transplant phases. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) (CAAE: 77375517.9.0000.5149). Data were collected from the medical records of all patients treated in the UFMG Dental Care Program for Transplant Patients (PAOPT-UFMG) from August 2016 to December 2023. Patients' laboratory test data were collected from the Intranet System of the UFMG Clinical Hospital (HC-UFMG). The data were tabulated and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The number of study participants was 89. The frequency of the need for endodontic treatment was 25.84%. The success rate of treatments was 89.28%. Chronic renal failure was the most prevalent primary disease (28%). The most commonly used medications were antihypertensives (40.4%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (30.3%) and immunosuppressants (21.3%). Elevated creatinine levels were observed in 93.7% of patients and elevated urea levels in 100%. Additionally, 73.3% of patients had low red blood cell counts, and 21.73% of those undergoing endodontic treatment were on hemodialysis. No statistical difference was found between the variables. Pre- and post-kidney transplant patients exhibit various hematological and biochemical alterations that affect systemic and oral health. This study revealed that these patients require endodontic treatment more frequently compared to studies of the general population. However, the success rate of endodontic treatments was similar to that reported in the literature.