Efeito da traqueostomia precoce no desmame da ventilação mecânica: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a procedure often performed in critically ill patients in intensive care units. However, its ideal time and impact on the weaning from mechanical ventilation remain controversial. Objectives: To analyze what is considered early tracheostomy and which are its effects on the weaning from mechanical ventilation, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, mortality rate and length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Methodology: It was performed a research in Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases, limited to the period from 2001 to 2011. Results: Eight studies were included, from which seven reported the association of early tracheostomy with shorter weaning, three with a lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, four with a lower mortality rate, four with a smaller length of stay in intensive care unit, and two with a shorter hospital stay. Conclusion: Early tracheostomy reduces the weaning duration, the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia, the mortality rate, as well as the time spent in the intensive care unit and hospital.