Interações entre a reforma monástica cluniacense e a política de Adelaide de Borgonha (947-999)

Abstract

The study of the interactions between the politics of Adelheid of Burgundy, queen and empress in the Latin West (947-999), with the Cluniac monastic reform movement, which occurred during the abbacy of Maiolo (948-994), aims to understand both monasticism reformer, which preceded the ecclesiastical reform of the second half of the 11th century, as well as the political motivations of which this emblematic figure of the late-Carolingian world was a preponderant actor. Based on female action, where political culture and family and social relationships overlap, the construction of Adelheid’s political instrument and its action in the Ottonian court were analyzed, through which she was able to favor the advancement of the Cluniac monastic reform, at the same time as acting in favor of res publica. In this cleavage, the intricacies of these interactions have as fundamental elements, on the one hand, the politicalcultural inheritances, with deep Carolingian roots, received and disseminated by the aristocracy and the monks of Cluny, and, on the other, the Ottonian political articulation, operated mainly by the empress. The demands for freedom by the Cluniac reforming monks, which included the privileges of immunity and exemption, were in line with the struggle of royal power against the deconcentration of power, caused by the increased influence of local aristocracies, a phenomenon with multiple roots, which also tended to entangle monasticism, constraining it to its particular and local purposes, to the detriment of broader objectives. Then, as it favors the advancement of monastic reform, founding monasteries and entrusting them to the Cluniacs,and these, at the same time, through complex dynamics, elucidated by research, convey a representation of royal power and res publica. We argue, therefore, that there is a symbiosis, in which the royal nucleus endorses the reforming Cluniac monasticism, and in which it assists the former in the struggle of representations in favor of the kingdom; so, monastic reform is a phenomenon with significance within the Carolingian world. Thus, this dissertation brings na understanding and presentation of the intersections between motivations and mechanisms of action of the reforming Cluniac monks and those of the politics conducted by the Ottonian court, where Adelheid appears as though she manages the connections between influential groups, and acts effectively both in favor of monastic reform and in the interests of the instance wich she represents.