Recomendações para prescrição de exercício físico para indivíduos com imc acima de 30 kg/m2 considerando comorbidades músculo-esqueléticas e cardiometabólicas.

Abstract

Physical exercise is a great ally in the treatment of obesity. In the literature, it is still not possible to find much specific information about the prescription of physical exercises for people with obesity. Objective – To present a descriptive review on musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic alterations that need to be considered when prescribing physical exercise for people with obesity (BMI above 30 kg/m2). Method - Studies that investigated the association between obesity and some cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations were evaluated. In addition, studies that used physical training programs as an intervention in the treatment of obesity were also selected. Results - It was observed that obesity generates mechanical changes such as changes in the spine, knee and hip joints, as well as increases in cardiometabolic risk factors such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, and that, in view of this, they can change the type of physical training. Most studies used aerobic exercise associated with dietary intervention. In addition, studies using strength training or high-intensity interval training promote benefits as well as aerobic. The combination of aerobic and anaerobic training seems to bring greater benefits since weight loss is associated with a loss of muscle mass and strength training could minimize this. Conclusions - It was observed that obesity alone already brings limitations to the practice of physical exercise and may also be associated with the development of other pathologies that will also influence the way in which training is performed. The prescription of physical exercise for the obese public is a field of research that needs further studies, due to the complexity of the pathology.