Traumatismos maxilofaciais em crianças e adolescentes de Belo Horizonte: uma análise comparativa entre violência interpessoal e acidentes com veículos de transporte terrestre

Abstract

Maxillofacial trauma includes fractures of facial bones and soft tissue injuries. Dental and soft tissue injuries are the most common types of trauma in the pediatric maxillofacial region, while fractures are relatively rare. A large number of causal mechanisms related to maxillofacial trauma have been reported in children and adolescents, but among the main causes of maxillofacial injuries are violence and accidents with land transport vehicles. Adults and children are subject to injuries caused by violent behavior and accidents with ground transport vehicles, however, pediatric maxillofacial trauma differs from trauma in adults due to anatomical and growth factors, as well as socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors. The aim of this study will be to comparatively evaluate the differences between victimization by interpersonal violence and accidents with land transport vehicles from maxillofacial trauma in children and adolescents. This is a retrospective analysis of secondary data collected from the record books of care provided at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service of the Hospital Metropolitano Odilon Behrens (HMOB) located in Belo Horizonte, between January 2008 and December 2022, totaling 1158 records. The dependent variable will be the type of event (accidents with land transport vehicles or interpersonal violence) that originated the maxillofacial traumas observed in the children and adolescents treated at the HMOB. The variables of interest will be gender, age group, type of trauma, treatment conduct, time of day, third of the face and day of occurrence. Statistical analysis will include descriptive and multivariate analyses. The level of significance adopted in the study will be 5%. The male gender was the most frequently victimized, accounting for 772 children and adolescents (66.7%). Maxillofacial injuries due to interpersonal violence occurred in 717 participants (61.9%), predominantly among adolescents (70.6%). In children, maxillofacial injuries from accidents involving land vehicles were more common (69.4%). Adolescents were 5.58 times more likely to suffer facial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence (OR = 5.58, 95% CI 4.073 – 7.667). Soft tissue injuries (OR = 2.078, 95% CI 1.482 – 2.913) and simple fractures (OR = 1.654, 95% CI 1.140 – 2.400, p = 0.008) had a higher chance of occurring in cases of interpersonal violence compared to dentoalveolar injuries. The odds of the middle third being traumatized in cases of interpersonal violence was 1.69 times greater compared to the combined thirds (OR = 1.698, 95% CI 1.186 – 2.432, p = 0.004). It was also observed that maxillofacial traumas due to interpersonal violence were 1.51 times more likely to occur on weekdays compared to weekends (OR = 1.511, 95% CI 1.126 – 2.027, p = 0.006). There was a high frequency of maxillofacial injuries due to interpersonal violence, which were associated with soft tissue injuries and simple fractures located in the middle third. during the weekdays and in adolescents.