Avaliação de conteúdo relacionado ao transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade no TiKTok: Análise de qualidade em um contexto brasileiro

Abstract

Introduction: TikTok, launched in 2016, has become a prominent platform with over one billion monthly active users. In the US, it has 150 million users, followed by Indonesia and Brazil. In Brazil, the platform is popular among young people, with nearly 99 million users, 45% of whom are between 19 and 29 years old, and 52% are women. TikTok stands out for its personalized recommendation algorithm, which continuously learns about users' interests. Factors such as likes, shares, and views influence recommendations. The platform faces challenges like misinformation but continues to have a significant impact on digital culture. Objective: The research aims to identify and analyze popular TikTok videos about ADHD, focusing on symptoms, diagnosis, personal experiences, and management. The study evaluates the quality and comprehensibility of the information to ensure reliable knowledge dissemination on the platform. Methods: On May 10, 2024, the study analyzed popular TikTok videos with the hashtag "#tdah" related to ADHD. Two experts classified relevant videos as "useful," "personal experiences," "misleading," or "meme." The quality of the information was evaluated using PEMAT-A/V criteria. Statistical analyses ensured reliability and comprehensiveness, contributing to the dissemination of accurate information about ADHD. Results: A total of 400 videos were analyzed on the platform following the established criteria. Of these, 51.75% were excluded: 2% were unrelated to ADHD, 3.75% had no audio or text, 15% were in a language other than Portuguese, and 31% were duplicates, either by double-blind analysis or the same video appearing on different pages. Among the classified videos, 25% were identified as useful, 23% as personal experiences, 27% as misleading, and 25% as memes. The PEMAT-A/V scores were 0.48±0.02 for useful videos and 0.28±0.14 for misleading videos. Student's t-test results showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that after applying the exclusion criteria, the remaining videos were categorized to reflect the diversity of content about ADHD on the platform. The high percentage of misleading videos and the significant presence of memes indicate an urgent need for better quality control and reliable sources for disseminating information about ADHD. The significant difference (p < 0.001) suggests that useful videos are significantly superior in terms of quality and utility compared to misleading videos, as assessed by PEMAT-A/V. The low variability in scores for useful videos indicates a median quality among these videos. On the other hand, the greater variability in scores for misleading videos suggests a wider range in the quality and utility of this content.