Municípios mineradores: uma análise da diversificação econômica dos municípios mineiros que mais arrecadam CFEM

Abstract

Mining has a strong connection with the history and economic development of Minas Gerais, through mineral extraction activity. The collection of the Mineral Resource Exploration Contribution (CFEM), provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988, has a significant impact on the lives of municipalities that have mining as the basis of their economy, generating a significant boost in municipal revenue. In the State of Minas Gerais, the State Constitution of 1989 addressed concerns about productive diversification and socioeconomic development of mining municipalities. Law No. 13,540/17 stipulated that at least 20% of this financial return should be allocated to economic diversification, sustainable mineral development, and scientific and technological development. In this context, it is understood that municipalities that depend on mining as their productive base need to overcome the tendency of mineral productive enclaves, through specialization and diversification that present comparative advantages, so that they can be freed from dependence on revenues from this activity. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the degree of economic diversification of the seven municipalities that collect the most CFEM in Minas Gerais, from 2006 to 2019, through the Economic Complexity Index (ICE) and the Location Quotient (QL). In addition, the study aimed to investigate, through Spearman's correlation, whether there is a correlation between the resources collected with CFEM and ICE, and vice versa. The selected municipalities were: Brumadinho, Congonhas, Itabira, Itabirito, Mariana, Nova Lima, and São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo. The results indicate that these municipalities continue to have their specialization centered on mining, which makes them dependent on resources from CFEM. It was also possible to identify that there are two groups of municipalities: one whose correlation between ICE and CFEM was stronger, while in the other group, Spearman's correlation was considered moderate or weak. hese results reinforce the importance of proper application of resources generated by CFEM to promote productive diversification in these cities.