Impacto da anemia de Fanconi na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals with Fanconi Anemia (FA) and its association with oral changes. The study cross-sectionally evaluated 35 individuals diagnosed with FA in two referral centers in Brazil: HC-UFMG (n=13) and HC-UFPR (n=22). Participants underwent a complete dental, periodontal and oral mucosa examination, in addition to evaluation of unstimulated salivary flow. The short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14) was administered. The average age of the individuals was 18 years (range: 7-42 years) and 57.1% were male. Most patients (68.6%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and presented unilateral skeletal changes in the upper limbs (60%). In the oral cavity, the main changes were malignant environmental oral disorders (OPMD) (51.4%), decayed teeth (57.2%), gingivitis (37.1%) and poor oral hygiene. The median overall OHIP-14 rating was 6.0 (range: 0– 47), with higher scores observed in the domains of physical pain and psychological discomfort. Individuals without oral loss presented as OPMD were 0.54 times more likely to have obtained lower overall scores on the OHIP-14 (95% CI: 0.30–0.97; p=0.04). Individuals with low salivary flow had higher overall OHIP-14 results (95% CI: 0.14–0.84; p=0.01). Female individuals with OPMD and reduced salivary flow were more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL. Furthermore, these individuals had high rates of oral changes and poor oral hygiene. Taken together, the data from this work point to the need for rigorous surveillance of patients with FA, even in the absence of OPMD, for early detection of OSCC and reduction of mortality, in addition to the importance of prioritizing patients' quality of life when implementing protocols treatment clinics in the FA population.