Entre o toque e a técnica: vivências de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo e a prática da terapia ocupacional centrada na ocupação e coocupação em uma unidade neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity represents a global challenge, affecting 1 in 10 births, and Brazil ranks 10th worldwide in absolute numbers. Due to physiological immaturity, many preterm newborns require hospitalization in a neonatal unit, an environment that can impact their development and family bonding. In this context, occupational therapy acts with reference to human occupation, focusing on the occupational performance of the baby and their parents. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the perception of mothers of preterm newborns regarding maternal and neonatal occupational performance during hospitalization in a neonatal unit, as well as the practice of occupational therapy centered on occupation and cooccupation in this context. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study of a qualitative nature, conducted through a semi-structured interview containing 10 questions. The participants investigated consisted of 8 mothers of preterm newborns hospitalized in a neonatal unit and accompanied by an occupational therapist. The study was conducted at the Neonatal Progressive Care Unit (UCP-Neo) of the Risoleta Tolentino Neves Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Results: The results revealed that mothers of preterm newborns actively experienced occupations and cooccupations, such as breastfeeding, bathing, diaper changing, sleep, play, and social participation. These experiences strengthened their sense of competence and security in caregiving, in addition to promoting mother-baby bonding and child development. The relevance of family-centered care also emerged, in which occupational therapy contributed to expanding maternal participation, supporting engagement in care practices, and promoting the continuity of occupations after hospital discharge. Conclusion: The study shows that mothers' perceptions were an important element in identifying how they perceive the practice of occupational therapy in the neonatal setting. Valuing their experiences and strengthening practices centered on occupation and cooccupation contribute to promoting security, maternal competence, bonding with the baby, and favoring child development. The active inclusion of family-centered care reinforces the humanization of care and consolidates the role of occupational therapy in neonatal care.