Efeitos da distribuição do conhecimento de resultados (CR) na aquisição de habilidades motoras

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate how the distribution of knowledge of results (KR) in a relative moderate frequency (50%) affects motor learning. Thirty undergraduatesaged 18 to 30 years (M = 22.75, SD= 2.69) were assigned to one of three experimental groups with different KR conditions: accumulated in beginning group (BG), uniform distribution group (UG) and faded distribution group (FG). The task consisted in transporting 3 tennis balls in a pre-established sequence with target time of 3000 ms. Participants performed 30 trials in acquisition phase and 10 trials in a retention test. The mean of absolute error of FG [M= 73.2 ms ± 25.3] was significantly smaller than those of UG [M= 114.1 ms ± 24.1, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.5] and BG [M= 164.5 ms ± 45.7, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.5] during retentiontest. FG also showed smaller constant error [M= 44.8 ms ± 49.6] compared to BG [M= 133.5 ms ± 72.6, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.25]. In addition, the mean of absolute error of UG [M= 114.1 ms ± 24.1] was smaller than thatof BG [M= 164.5 ms ± 45.7, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.5]. These results suggest that motor learning is not only determined by the moderate relative frequency of KR, but also by its distribution during practice. Providing KR with fading distribution seems to provide greater benefits to motor learning.