Avaliação da capacitação de enfermeiros para rastreamento do uso de álcool em Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Carmópolis de Minas

Abstract

Introduction: Alcohol has been used and consumed since ancient times in different ways, over the years this consumption undergo changes according to development of society. The overuse alcohol contributes to the increase in traffic accidents, hospital admissions, urban violence and premature deaths. For the epidemiological context of the problem, in 2016, 3 million people died as a result of alcohol use. There are a lot of people with problems related to the use of alcoholic beverages in Primary Health Care services. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the appropriate space for health promotion and disease prevention practices, as it is the gateway for users, families and communities to the Unified Health System and for the possibility of building links between them and the health professionals. As a structured strategy for the follow-up and monitoring of people, with regard to the reception, follow-up and treatment of alcoholism, screening followed by brief intervention has been recommended. It is understood that Primary Care nurses should be trained so that, in their daily work, they not only focus on signs and symptoms of alcoholic individuals, but also to carry out screening to identify the use of alcohol to prevent the worsening of problems for the individual and society. Objective: To train nurses from the Primary Health Care units in Carmópolis de Minas to apply the AUDIT tracking tool. Method: This is an interventionist, qualitative and interpretative study, evaluating the training of seven PHC nurses through collective actions with the cooperative and participatory participation of the researcher. Results: Regarding the participants' data, the age group between 31 and 40 years prevailed, all with nursing training intending to take other courses to improve themselves and, mostly, with 2 to 5 years working in Primary Health Care. The results showed that nurses had difficulties of different types at the time of application of the AUDIT, from lack of time until difficulty in creating a trusting relationship with the alcohol user. The need to lead the user to reflect on their use of alcohol was clear, emphasizing the professional's willingness to help him at this time, as the AUDIT assesses the consumption pattern, but it is the professional's role to encourage and motivate him for behavior change. There is a greater difficulty in identifying women who make harmful use and/or who are dependent on alcohol because of the prejudice they suffer and, also, because they feel ashamed. Regarding the knowledge brought by the training, six nurses said that they would achieve the necessary learning for the application of the BI, and it is necessary to go deeper into the topic. Conclusion: It was evident that some nurses were successful in carrying out the screening, with behavioral changes on the part of alcohol users, while others found difficulties. This raises the question of the need to readjust this study as a result of the covid pandemic, which made it impossible to carry out training for BI, limiting itself to tracking use alcohol. It is concluded that the training was partially carried out while it was still in process and, thus, the summative assessment, which would be to complete the training, became formative, as it found the need to continue the process.