Arte e niilismo em Martin Heidegger : uma abordagem da obra de arte na época do fim da metafisica

Abstract

This research aims to address the theme of art in the work of Martin Heidegger, especially with regard to the relationship between art and nihilism. We will first seek to explain how Heidegger develops, based on his attempt to overcome metaphysics, the critique of the foundations of traditional Aesthetics and, later, taking as a reference the confrontation that the philosopher establishes with the work of Nietzsche, to situate art as a fundamental theme in the understanding of nihilism. Finally, our proposal intends to investigate to what extent Heidegger's thesis of art as a poetic event of truth converges with the attempt to overcome metaphysics and Western nihilism. Based on this issue, the present study prioritized analyzing the works from the period of the so-called “turning point” (Kehre) of Heideggerian thought, that is, his production after the 1930s, which demarcate the movement of change in perspective in relation to what the philosopher developed in Being and Time, his main treatise, from 1927. Within this context, the aim was to understand the horizon from which his questions about the themes of art and poetry originate and develop, namely, the horizon of the passage from the Heidegger of the “destruction” of ontology to the Heidegger of the “overcoming” of metaphysics. In this direction, the essay The Origin of the Work of Art, from 1935-36, as well as the various interpretations that the philosopher makes of Nietzsche’s thought and Hölderlin's poetry will play a central role in this investigation, since, based on these, we will present the implications of Heidegger's attempt to overcome metaphysics and Western nihilism.