Educação sexual: uma proposta de sequência didática para o ensino de métodos contraceptivos para alunos de ensino médio

Abstract

Sexuality is a natural component of the human being forming part of his life, therefore, of the adolescents' lives as well. Sex education can be defined as a set of actions that aims to provide students with knowledge about the human body and an understanding of the psychological and social issues involved in sexuality. It represents an important tool used by the school aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and early and unwanted pregnancies. Additionally, they are characterized by meeting the anxieties and anxieties so peculiar to the adolescent's life. Sex education is proposed in the main documents that govern education in Brazil. It is one of the transversal themes proposed by the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN), and is also an element present in the recently published Common Curricular National Base (BNCC). Talking about sex and sexuality with teenagers is a challenge for the school and especially for the teacher. Far beyond punctual and sporadic lectures, sex education requires the development of pedagogical practices and methodologies applied for its development. Thus, the objective of the present work was to develop a didactic sequence addressing issues related to sex education with an emphasis on teaching the use and action of contraceptive methods, based on investigative approaches, using playful methodologies that facilitate the learning process, such as educational games. The target audience was third year high school students from a state public school in the municipality of Itabira / MG. The data obtained through the questionnaire showed that adolescents use the internet as the main source of information, followed by the school and the family; that the best known methods for teenagers are condoms and hormonal methods such as pills, injectables and emergency contraceptive pills. They also reveal that almost all students find it important and want sex education in schools. Due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus, the didactic sequence could not be applied remotely. Considering the activities proposed in the didactic sequence, it is believed that it has the potential to awaken protagonism and increase students' autonomy in the learning process. The use of educational games increases student engagement and facilitates the absorption of the concepts contained in the games. When approaching a theme that they want so much through playful methodologies, it increases the chances of success and contributes to the achievement of a truly emancipatory sex education. The didactic sequence and the contraception game are products of this Master's Degree Work in the perspective of applying them to students as a way of evaluating and improving them in due time.