Os efeitos biológicos da psicoterapia em indivíduos com TEPT: uma confluência entre práticas psicológicas baseadas em evidências e neurociências

Abstract

This work explores the intrinsic relationship between Psychology and Neurosciences, highlighting how integrating these fields is fundamental for understanding and treating mental disorders. Historically based on personal and theoretical experiences, Psychology has evolved to adopt a more scientific approach, incorporating empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is highlighted as one of the most effective approaches for treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. CBT focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs, promoting significant behavioral and emotional changes. Neuroscientific studies demonstrate that psychotherapeutic interventions can produce changes in the central nervous system, similar to those observed with the use of psychotropic medications. The review also addresses Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology (EBPP), which promotes clinical practice based on the best available evidence, the psychologist's technical skills, and the individual characteristics of patients. EBPP is inspired by Evidence-Based Medicine and seeks to integrate scientific knowledge into the everyday practice of psychology. Finally, the paper discusses the relevance of emotional processing theory and exposure therapy in treating PTSD, emphasizing the importance of habituation and cognitive restructuring in alleviating symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is also examined, highlighting the controversies and ambiguous results regarding its effectiveness compared to other forms of treatment. In conclusion, the convergence between Psychology and Neuroscience is essential for developing effective psychotherapeutic interventions, evidencing that psychotherapy is a crucial biological treatment for mental health.