Produção colaborativa de valores de uso em ocupações urbanas: concepção técnica e política do espaço

Abstract

In the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, there is a huge property speculation due to the production of urban spaces exclusively meant for medium to high wages. The urban land is reduced to the condition of commodity, given the concerns of numerically small groups who take the city only for their exchange values. The segregation of hundreds of thousands of workers which can‟t afford housing by formal means, although needed for building and maintaining the cities, is, by this, legitimized. An increasingly significant portion of the working class, then, decides to grant access to its land in non formal ways, subverting the current non human logic that determines the rights to property for a minority ahead of the housing rights for the majorities. It‟s when urban occupation places irrupt, an informal, self-produced space in a precarious socio-economic context, without any support from the Government and against the will of unproductive urban land lords. In the current dissertation, we analyze the space production and transformation in occupations places, where the access to urban land is a condition both to survive and socialize. In particular, we turn our focus on the occupations that are assisted by groups of political militants, called here political organizations, which engage in social interventions actions. The collaboration between these collective subjects while transforming the city, driven by both urgent human needs and utopian collectivist principles, bring us technical questions about how to design the urban space in a emancipatory way. We therefore take two so proposed collective space design experiences to study: the construction of a collective facility in Guarani Kaiowá occupation, located in Contagem, and the implementation of a waste collection system in Thomas Balduíno occupation, in Ribeirão das Neves. This work was conducted according to the methodological principles of militantresearch and aims to understand how the creation of new urban use values can change the established social relationships and promote new forms of organization and production on these spaces.