Avaliação dos efeitos do exercício físico aeróbico em esteira realizado no período gravídico-lactário de camungondos fêmea com obesidade sobre parâmetros metabólicos na prole adulta

Abstract

Maternal obesity and sedentary lifestyle are important factors associated with unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes. Maternal physical exercise promotes important health benefits, however, little is known about its influence on offspring development. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical exercise in the pregnancy-lactary period of female mice with obesity and its influence on body and biochemical parameters of the offspring fed a high-glycemic diet. The study was divided into two cohorts, the first performed with female Swiss mice, randomized into three groups (n=8/group): i) control group (DP), ii) group fed a high-glycemic diet (DHG) and iii) group fed a high-glycemic diet and submitted to physical exercise during pregnancy and lactation (DHG+Ex). After the obesity induction period, the animals were mated and the aerobic physical exercise protocol started during the pregnancy-lactation period (about 42 days), on alternate days, at a speed of 10 m./min for 30 minutes a day. The second cohort included monitoring the offspring from the animals in the first cohort. Three groups of male animals (n=5 animal/group) fed a high-glycemic diet for eight weeks were constituted. Body and biochemical parameters of both mothers and offspring were measured. The results indicate that the group of mothers submitted to physical exercise had lower body weight, ovarian adipose tissue and adiposity compared to the DHG group, in addition to improved serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-c. Birth data of the offspring showed that fetuses from mothers submitted to physical exercise had lower weight compared to the PD and DHG groups. The results of the body composition analysis of the offspring showed that the animals from DHG+Ex mothers had lower mean body weight compared to the DP group and lower body adiposity and epididymal adipose tissue weight compared to the DHG group. The evaluation of the glycemic profile showed an increase in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the DHG+Ex animals compared to the DHG group; these findings were accompanied by lower fasting glucose levels between PD and DHG+Ex. As for the lipid profile, there was a decrease in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the animals originating from mothers submitted to physical exercise. Taken together, these findings suggest that physical exercise during pregnancy and lactation brings benefits to maternal health and favors the offspring's metabolic phenotype, even when submitted to an obesogenic environment.