Não-localidade quântica: matemática e fundamentos

Abstract

Quantum mechanics predicts the existence of strong correlations between distant systems that cannot be explained by local realistic theories - theories in which individual properties are assigned to each one of the systems. On the last decades, this remarkable feature has called attention because of its strong counter-intuitive character, but, with the recent development of quantum information theory, nonlocal correlations have been noted to be an important resource in information processing protocols, responsible, for instance, for unconditional security in cryptographic key distribution protocols. In this dissertation, we study different aspects of nonlocality, from its physical and mathematical foundations to applications in information theory, including a detailed analisys of the sets of local and nonlocal correlations, giving special attention to quantum correlations and entanglement.